Medieval Britain 1066–1509, Year 7: more practice, part 2：全部卡片
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- Before he became Archbishop of Canterbury, what royal office did Thomas Becket hold as the king's friend?
Chancellor
提示He ran the king's writing office and was close to Henry II.
为什么Henry made Becket archbishop in 1162, expecting a loyal supporter. Becket changed, and began defending the Church's rights against the king.
- Henry II wanted priests accused of crimes tried in the king's courts. Whose courts did Becket insist they be tried in?
The Church's own courts
提示The clergy claimed they answered to a religious authority, not the king's law.
为什么This dispute about "criminous clerks" lay at the heart of the quarrel. Church courts usually gave lighter punishments, which worried Henry.
- Who forced King John to accept Magna Carta in 1215?
A group of rebel barons
提示They were powerful landholders who were angry at his taxes.
为什么John had lost lands in France and raised heavy taxes to win them back. The barons rebelled and made him agree to the charter at Runnymede.
- Simon de Montfort captured which king at the Battle of Lewes in 1264?
Henry III
提示He was the son of King John.
为什么Simon led the barons who wanted to limit the king's power. After Lewes he ruled in the captive king's name and called the 1265 assembly.
- Simon de Montfort was killed at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Which prince led the royal army, and later became king?
Prince Edward (later Edward I)
提示He was the son of the king Simon had captured.
为什么Edward escaped from captivity and defeated Simon. As king he later called parliaments that included townspeople, so Simon's idea survived.
- Which animal's fleas helped carry the bacteria that caused the Black Death?
Rats
提示They lived in crowded towns and on ships.
为什么Fleas from infected rats bit people and passed on the plague. People at the time did not know this and blamed bad air, God's anger or sometimes outsiders.
- After the Black Death left workers scarce, what happened to the wages workers could demand?
They rose
提示Think of supply and demand: fewer workers, same amount of work.
为什么Landowners struggled to find labour and had to pay more. The government tried to hold wages down with laws, which angered workers.
- Which young king was on the throne when the Peasants' Revolt happened in 1381?
Richard II
提示He was only fourteen years old.
为什么Richard met the rebels at Mile End and Smithfield. He made promises that were broken once the revolt was over.
- Which rebel leader was killed at Smithfield in London in 1381 after meeting the king?
Wat Tyler
提示He led the Kent rebels into London.
为什么Tyler was struck down during the meeting by the Lord Mayor of London and the king's men. Without him the revolt soon collapsed.
- Which colour of rose became the emblem of the House of York?
White
提示The rival Lancastrian emblem was a red rose.
为什么The name "Wars of the Roses" came later, after both houses were linked with roses. At the time the fighting was described in other ways.
- Henry VII married a daughter of Edward IV in 1486 to unite the houses of Lancaster and York. What was her name?
Elizabeth of York
提示Her name tells you which house she came from.
为什么Their marriage joined the two families and the red and white roses were combined into the Tudor rose. It helped end the long civil conflict.
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