Population and urbanisation, Year 8: more practice

A squatter settlement (also called a shanty town or informal settlement)

提示It is built by people who cannot afford other homes.

为什么Rapid migration can outpace the building of homes. These areas often lack clean water, sanitation and electricity.

Natural increase — more births than deaths among people already living there

提示Think about babies being born locally.

为什么Urban growth has two ingredients: migration into the city and natural increase within it.

11

提示Subtract the death rate from the birth rate.

为什么18 − 7 = 11 more births than deaths for every 1 000 people.

−3 per 1 000; the population falls

提示Work out births minus deaths and look at the sign.

为什么9 − 12 = −3. With more deaths than births, and no one moving in, the population shrinks.

Births still outnumber deaths, and many young adults are having children

提示Falling is not the same as below the death rate.

为什么Natural change stays positive while births are above deaths. A large young generation means many parents, which keeps births high in total.

Both high

提示Think of a society with no modern medicine or contraception.

为什么In Stage 1 both rates are high, so the population stays low and steady, or grows very slowly.

Stage 4

提示It is near the end of the model.

为什么Stage 4 is typical of wealthy countries, where families are small and people live long lives.

A pull factor

提示They attract people to a place.

为什么Pull factors draw migrants to a place. Push factors, such as war or unemployment, drive them from home.

A refugee flees danger or persecution; an economic migrant moves mainly to find work or a better income

提示One has a threat to safety; the other seeks a higher wage.

为什么Real stories are often mixed, so geographers use the terms with care.

Fast population growth and rural-urban migration there

提示Think about where cities are growing fastest.

为什么Many older European cities have slow growth. In Asia and Africa, high natural increase and migration from the countryside drive rapid urban growth.