The East India Company and British control of India

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• Portugal arrived first, but in the 1600s English, Dutch and French trading companies competed for trade in the Indian Ocean.
• As Mughal power declined, the British East India Company used its private army, bribery and local rivalries to take over Bengal and then much of India.
• The Company collected taxes, pushed farmers towards cash crops such as cotton and tea, and damaged Indian trades.
• After the 1857 rebellion, the Company was dissolved and India passed directly to the British Crown as the Raj.
• Indians were largely kept out of power, which led to the founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885.

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