English Literature

Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)

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English LiteratureNineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…In Stave Two, just after seeing himself as a lonely schoolboy, Scrooge says he wishes he had done something differently the night before. What?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

Given something to the boy who sang a carol at his door

HintHe had frightened the singer away with a ruler.

The whyIt is his first regret, and it comes early. Dickens makes the change believable by building it in steps, not as one sudden conversion.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…“I am not the man I was.” To which Spirit does Scrooge say this?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come

HintHe is kneeling by a gravestone.

The whyHe says it in Stave Four, pleading that he would not have been shown all this if he were past hope.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…In the churchyard Scrooge asks whether he is seeing shadows of things that “Will be” or only of things that “May be”. Why does the difference matter?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

If they only may be, he can still change the future by changing how he lives

HintOne is fixed, the other is a warning.

The whyThe whole book depends on the answer. The Spirit does not reply, but the last stave shows that the future was not fixed.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Fill the gapAnswer in your head…Scrooge's promise at the end of Stave Four: “I will honour Christmas in my ____, and try to keep it all the year.”
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

heart

HintWhere feelings are said to live.

The whyHe adds “I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future.” He means to keep hold of what all three Spirits taught him.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Fill the gapAnswer in your head…The narrator's summary of the changed Scrooge in Stave Five: “He became as good a friend, as good a master, and as good a ____, as the good old city knew”.
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

man

HintThe plainest possible word for a person.

The whyFriend, master, man: he is better in private life, at work and in himself. Redemption here means changed behaviour towards other people.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Fill the gapsAnswer in your head…At the end of Stave Three the Spirit shows two wretched children from under his robe and names them: “This boy is ____. This girl is ____.”
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

Ignorance; Want

HintThe boy is lack of education; the girl is lack of the things needed to live.

The whyThey are “yellow, meagre, ragged, scowling, wolfish”. They are ideas given bodies: the results of a society that neglects its poor.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…The Spirit says of the two children “most of all beware this boy”. Which of the two does he mean?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

Ignorance

HintThe one that schooling could cure.

The whyOn the boy's brow he sees “that written which is Doom, unless the writing be erased”. Dickens is warning that a country which leaves its poor uneducated is heading for disaster.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…When Scrooge asks whose children Ignorance and Want are, the Spirit answers “They are Man's”. What does he mean?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

They are the responsibility of all of society, not just of their parents

Hint“Man” here means humankind.

The whyThe comfortable cannot say the poor are somebody else's business. That is the book's case for social responsibility.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…In Stave One Scrooge asks whether the prisons and workhouses are still open. What have his visitors just asked him for?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

A donation to buy food, drink and warmth for the poor at Christmas

HintTwo “portly gentlemen” with books and papers.

The whyHis view is that he pays for those institutions through his taxes and owes nothing more. The book sets out to show why that is not enough.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…When Scrooge asks, at the end of Stave Three, whether the two children have no refuge, what does the Spirit reply?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

With Scrooge's own questions: are there no prisons, are there no workhouses?

HintThe miser said the same thing to the charity collectors.

The whyThey are the Spirit's last words before he vanishes. Twice in this stave Scrooge's own sayings are turned against him.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Fill the gapAnswer in your head…Fred on Christmas in Stave One: “the only time I know of, in the long calendar of the year, when men and women seem by one consent to open their shut-up ____ freely”.
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

hearts

HintThe part of a person that is said to feel; the miser keeps his shut.

The whyFor Fred, Christmas is the time when people treat those below them as “fellow-passengers to the grave”. This is the idea of Christmas the book defends.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…How does Scrooge spend the evening of Christmas Eve before he goes home to his rooms?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

He eats alone in a tavern and reads the newspapers

HintNo family, no guests.

The whyHe “took his melancholy dinner in his usual melancholy tavern”. His solitude is set against the crowded, noisy parties the Spirits show him.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…The Cratchits' Christmas pudding is small for so large a family. How do they react to it?
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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

With delight: nobody says or thinks that it is small

HintThey praise it as a great success.

The why“Any Cratchit would have blushed to hint at such a thing.” Dickens shows a family rich in affection and short of money, the reverse of Scrooge.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…Besides the Cratchits and Fred, the Ghost of Christmas Present takes Scrooge to miners on a moor, two lighthouse keepers and sailors at sea. What do all these people have in common?
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★ GCSE-ENLI-NOV-0046Front

English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

They all keep Christmas, however bleak and lonely the place

HintEach group sings or wishes the others well.

The whyThe visits widen the picture from London to the whole country. Christmas feeling is shown to be everywhere except in Scrooge.

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English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill
Answer in your head…The Ghost of Christmas Present sprinkles a blessing from his torch on people's dinners. Which kind of dinner does he say he gives it to most?
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★ GCSE-ENLI-NOV-0047Front

English Literature · Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)Professor Quill

A poor one

HintThe one that has least to begin with.

The whyAsked why, he says “Because it needs it most.” The book's Christmas is on the side of the poor.

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Nineteenth-century novel, Year 10: redemption, poverty and generosity (A Christmas Carol option)

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A Christmas Carol: change and redemption · Y10A Christmas Carol: poverty and social responsibility · Y10A Christmas Carol: Christmas, family and generosity · Y10

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