History

The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)

Professor HarariThe 20th-Century World10 cardsFree · no account needed

AQAWritten against AQA GCSE History (8145): 3.2.1 Period study: America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and inequality. AQA has not reviewed these cards.

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HistoryThe twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
Answer in your head…What name did John F. Kennedy give to his programme of domestic reforms?
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

The New Frontier

HintHe used the phrase in 1960 when he accepted the Democratic nomination.

The whyIts aims included action on poverty, education and health care.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
↔ Asked both waysAnswer in your head…Lyndon Johnson's name for his programme to end poverty and racial injustice in America
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

The Great Society

HintThink of the president who followed Kennedy.

The whyJohnson linked it to a 'War on Poverty' that he declared in January 1964.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
Answer in your head…What did Medicare and Medicaid, created in 1965, provide?
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Medicare: health insurance for the over-65s; Medicaid: health cover for people on low incomes

HintBoth came from the same 1965 law.

The whyJohnson signed the law on 30 July 1965. At first Medicaid covered mainly people receiving cash assistance.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
↔ Asked both waysAnswer in your head…Preschool programme launched in 1965 to help young children from poor families get ready for school
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Head Start

HintIt was part of the War on Poverty.

The whyIt was run by the Office of Economic Opportunity until 1969, when it moved to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
Answer in your head…What happened to poverty in the USA during the 1960s?
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

It fell, but great inequality remained

HintThink about whether the gap between rich and poor closed.

The whyOverall poverty levels fell and more people gained access to education and health care, but critics said the programmes could have achieved more.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
⌨ Type the answerAnswer in your head…In which year did the Equal Pay Act make it illegal to pay women less than men for equal work? (year)

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

1963

HintPresident Kennedy signed it in June.

The whyThe law did not close the gap: women's average pay stayed well below men's.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
↔ Asked both waysAnswer in your head…Organisation founded in 1966 to campaign for women's equality, with Betty Friedan as one of its founders
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

National Organization for Women

HintIt is usually known by a three-letter abbreviation.

The whyPassing the Equal Rights Amendment became one of its main aims.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
⌨ Type the answerAnswer in your head…In which year did the Supreme Court decide Roe v Wade? (year)

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

1973

HintIt was decided in January.

The whyThe Court ruled that the constitutional right to privacy was broad enough to cover a woman's decision to end a pregnancy, so many state abortion bans were unconstitutional.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
Answer in your head…What would the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) have added to the Constitution?
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Equal legal rights regardless of sex

HintCongress sent it to the states in 1972.

The whyIt fell three states short of the 38 needed; Congress extended the deadline to 1982, but ratification still failed.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari
Answer in your head…Which woman led the STOP ERA campaign that helped to block ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment?
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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Phyllis Schlafly

HintThe name of her campaign began with an order to halt something.

The whyShe argued that the ERA would take away some privileges women enjoyed. Women as well as men opposed it.

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The twentieth-century world, Year 10: Kennedy, Johnson and the women's movement (America 1920–1973 option)

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