History

The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)

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AQAWritten against AQA GCSE History (8145): 3.2.1 Period study: America, 1920–1973: Opportunity and inequality. AQA has not reviewed these cards.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…What did the Supreme Court decide in Plessy v Ferguson in 1896?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

That 'separate but equal' segregation was legal

HintIt was a railway case from Louisiana.

The whyThe ruling let Southern states keep laws separating Black and white Americans for nearly sixty years, until Brown v Board of Education in 1954.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

⌨ Type the answerAnswer in your head…In which year did the Supreme Court rule in Brown v Board of Education that segregated schools were unconstitutional? (year)

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

1954

HintThe Chief Justice was Earl Warren.

The whyThe Court held that separate schools were inherently unequal, but many Southern states resisted desegregation for years.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…What event in December 1955 sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger

HintThe arrest took place on a city bus in the capital of Alabama.

The whyThe boycott lasted until December 1956, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation on buses was unconstitutional. King, president of the group that ran it, became a prominent civil rights leader.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Fill the gapAnswer in your head…In February 1960 four Black students began a sit-in at a ____ lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Woolworth's

HintA chain store that also had a lunch counter.

The whyThe protest spread quickly to other towns and cities and helped to end segregation at many lunch counters.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…Why did Martin Luther King choose Birmingham, Alabama, for a major campaign in 1963?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

One reason was that protesters expected a violent reaction from segregationist police, which would win national attention

HintNewspapers and television carried the pictures across the country.

The whyPolice used dogs and fire hoses against demonstrators, including children, and the images on television and in newspapers caused international outrage.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…How did Malcolm X's message in the early 1960s differ from Martin Luther King's?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

He challenged nonviolence and integration, and promoted Black nationalism

HintHe was a minister in the Nation of Islam.

The whyHe broke away from the Nation of Islam in 1964 and was assassinated in February 1965. His ideas later helped to inspire the Black Power movement.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

⌨ Type the answerAnswer in your head…Which two-word slogan did Stokely Carmichael popularise in 1966 to call for Black pride and political power? (two words)

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Black Power

HintA rallying cry heard at a march in Mississippi.

The whyMany who took it up were activists who had become frustrated by the slow pace of change.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…Which Black Power group, founded in 1966, ran free breakfast programmes for children?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

The Black Panther Party

HintIts founders were Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.

The whyThe Panthers also ran other community services, but they first drew attention for openly carrying firearms.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 make illegal?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Segregation in public places and discrimination in employment

HintIt covered hotels, restaurants and workplaces.

The whyLyndon Johnson signed it on 2 July 1964. It did not by itself secure Black Americans the vote; the Voting Rights Act followed in 1965.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…What did the Civil Rights Act of 1968 make illegal?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)Professor Harari

Discrimination in selling, renting or financing housing

HintThink about where people live.

The whyIt is also called the Fair Housing Act. Even afterwards, many Black families found it hard to move out of segregated neighbourhoods, because laws were not always enforced.

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The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)

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