History

The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)

Professor HarariThe 20th-Century World10 cardsFree · no account needed

AQAWritten against AQA GCSE History (8145): 3.2.1 Period study: Germany, 1890–1945: Democracy and dictatorship. AQA has not reviewed these cards.

Answer in your head, then tap to check. Slide or use the buttons to grade.

History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

↔ Asked both waysAnswer in your head…The Nazi scheme in which young men had to do six months of manual work, such as draining land and planting forests

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

The Reich Labour Service (RAD)

HintCompulsory for young men from 1935.

The whyThe men lived in barracks, wore a paramilitary uniform and carried spades. The service was meant to cut unemployment and to teach Nazi ideas.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…Which road-building programme became the showpiece of Nazi job creation?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

The autobahns (motorways)

HintYou would drive on it.

The whyRoads of this kind had been planned and begun before 1933, and at its peak in 1936 the scheme employed about 125,000 men directly. Rearmament and conscription did far more to end unemployment.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…Official figures showed unemployment falling fast under the Nazis. Why do historians say those figures overstate the fall?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

The Nazis manipulated the statistics and the employment laws

HintThe term used for it is 'invisible unemployment'.

The whySome of the fall came from changes in who was counted and from compulsory labour schemes. Real jobs were created as well, above all by rearmament, which employed millions and prepared Germany for war.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

↔ Asked both waysAnswer in your head…The one-word term, taken from Greek, for a country producing everything it needs at home so that it does not depend on imports

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Autarky

HintGöring's Four Year Plan of 1936 aimed at this.

The whyHitler wanted Germany able to fight a war without being starved by a blockade, as it had been in 1914 to 1918. The plan fell short of its aim.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…Which Nazi organisation replaced the trade unions for German workers in 1933?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

The German Labour Front (DAF)

HintLed by Robert Ley.

The whyWorkers lost the right to strike or bargain over pay. In return the 'Strength through Joy' programme offered cheap holidays, concerts and sports. Most workers had a job again, but real wages fell and hours grew longer.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

⌨ Type the answerAnswer in your head…In which year did food rationing begin in Germany? (year)

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

1939

HintIt did not wait for shortages to appear.

The whyAt first rations were adequate, because food and goods were taken from occupied countries. Shortages became severe only in the last years of the war.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…Which German port city was devastated by a week of Allied bombing in July 1943?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Hamburg

HintThe raids were code-named Operation Gomorrah.

The whyThe raids caused a firestorm that destroyed much of the city. Tens of thousands of people were killed, and about a million left the city. Bombing made millions of Germans homeless during the war.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…How did Nazi Germany mainly fill its shortage of workers during the war?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

With forced labourers from occupied countries

HintMillions were brought in against their will.

The whyAt the peak, forced labourers, both foreign civilians and prisoners of war, made up about a fifth of Germany's workforce, many of them in harsh conditions. The Nazis were slower than Britain to call up women for war work, because it clashed with their ideas about women's role.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

↔ Asked both waysAnswer in your head…Goebbels's call in February 1943 for every German to give everything to the war effort

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Total war

HintMade in a speech in Berlin soon after the defeat at Stalingrad.

The whyUnder the armaments minister, Albert Speer, weapons production reached its peak in the summer of 1944, even under heavy bombing.

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

Answer in your head…Why did millions of German civilians flee westwards in the winter of 1944 to 1945?

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History · The twentieth-century world, Year 10: the Nazi economy and Germans at war (Germany 1890–1945 option)Professor Harari

To escape the advancing Soviet army

HintLook at which front was moving towards them.

The whyRefugees from East Prussia and other eastern regions crowded into cities that were already bombed and short of food. Many died on the journey in bitter winter weather.

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