Every card in The twentieth-century world, Year 10: segregation, the civil rights campaign and Black Power (America 1920–1973 option)

That 'separate but equal' segregation was legal

HintIt was a railway case from Louisiana.

WhyThe ruling let Southern states keep laws separating Black and white Americans for nearly sixty years, until Brown v Board of Education in 1954.

1954

HintThe Chief Justice was Earl Warren.

WhyThe Court held that separate schools were inherently unequal, but many Southern states resisted desegregation for years.

Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger

HintThe arrest took place on a city bus in the capital of Alabama.

WhyThe boycott lasted until December 1956, when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation on buses was unconstitutional. King, president of the group that ran it, became a prominent civil rights leader.

Woolworth's

HintA chain store that also had a lunch counter.

WhyThe protest spread quickly to other towns and cities and helped to end segregation at many lunch counters.

One reason was that protesters expected a violent reaction from segregationist police, which would win national attention

HintNewspapers and television carried the pictures across the country.

WhyPolice used dogs and fire hoses against demonstrators, including children, and the images on television and in newspapers caused international outrage.

He challenged nonviolence and integration, and promoted Black nationalism

HintHe was a minister in the Nation of Islam.

WhyHe broke away from the Nation of Islam in 1964 and was assassinated in February 1965. His ideas later helped to inspire the Black Power movement.

Black Power

HintA rallying cry heard at a march in Mississippi.

WhyMany who took it up were activists who had become frustrated by the slow pace of change.

The Black Panther Party

HintIts founders were Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.

WhyThe Panthers also ran other community services, but they first drew attention for openly carrying firearms.

Segregation in public places and discrimination in employment

HintIt covered hotels, restaurants and workplaces.

WhyLyndon Johnson signed it on 2 July 1964. It did not by itself secure Black Americans the vote; the Voting Rights Act followed in 1965.

Discrimination in selling, renting or financing housing

HintThink about where people live.

WhyIt is also called the Fair Housing Act. Even afterwards, many Black families found it hard to move out of segregated neighbourhoods, because laws were not always enforced.