History

Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practice

Professor HarariEarly Modern (1509–1745)10 cardsFree · no account needed

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HistoryEarly modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practice
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…Henry VIII's first wife had not given him a surviving son, which was a key reason he wanted the marriage ended. Who was she?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

Catherine of Aragon

HintShe was a Spanish princess who had first been married to Henry's older brother.

The whyCatherine bore several children but only Mary lived. Henry feared a king without a male heir might lead to a return of civil war, and he had fallen for Anne Boleyn.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…Which Pope refused, in the late 1520s, to annul Henry VIII's marriage?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

Clement VII

HintHe was under the influence of Catherine's powerful nephew, the Emperor Charles V.

The whyClement VII was effectively a prisoner of Charles V's army after the sack of Rome in 1527, so he dared not offend Catherine's family.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…Which Archbishop of Canterbury declared Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon invalid in 1533?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

Thomas Cranmer

HintHe was Henry's choice for archbishop, appointed in 1533.

The whyCranmer's court ruled the marriage void in May 1533, which let Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn stand without the Pope's approval.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…In 1521 the Pope gave Henry VIII a title for writing against Martin Luther's ideas. What was the title?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

Defender of the Faith

HintThe title praised him for defending the Catholic Church.

The whyIronically Henry later broke with the same Pope, but English monarchs still use a version of the title today.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…After the break with Rome, did Henry VIII make English religion Protestant in its beliefs and services?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

No, he kept most traditional Catholic beliefs and services

HintThink about what actually changed: the person at the top, not the Mass.

The whyHenry replaced the Pope with himself as head, but the 1539 Act of Six Articles confirmed many Catholic beliefs. Real Protestant change came under his son Edward VI.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…Which royal minister organised the 1535 survey of church wealth that came before the monasteries were closed?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

Thomas Cromwell

HintHe was Henry's chief minister, a lawyer who drove the Dissolution.

The whyThe survey, the Valor Ecclesiasticus, showed how rich the Church was. Cromwell then sent commissioners to inspect the monasteries.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Fill the gapAnswer in your head…In 1536 Henry began closing monasteries, starting with the ____ ones; the rest followed by 1540.
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

smaller

HintThink about which would be easiest to close without a big fight.

The whyThe first Act covered houses with a small income; the larger ones followed, and by 1540 all had been closed, surrendered or taken over by the Crown.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…Which northern rising of 1536, partly against the closing of monasteries, was crushed by Henry VIII?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

The Pilgrimage of Grace

HintIts marchers called themselves pilgrims.

The whyTens of thousands marched in Yorkshire and the north. Henry promised talks, then executed the leaders, including Robert Aske, in 1537.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…What reason did Cromwell's commissioners give in public for closing the monasteries?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

That monks and nuns were corrupt and had broken their vows

HintThe public reason was about behaviour, not about money.

The whyTheir reports claimed idleness and immorality. Historians note the commissioners were gathering evidence for the king, so the reports may be biased; the Crown also wanted the wealth.

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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari
Answer in your head…Many monasteries cared for the sick. What name is given to the building or room where the monks looked after them?
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History · Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practiceProfessor Harari

An infirmary

HintIt comes from a word meaning weak or ill.

The whyMonastic infirmaries gave rest and care to the sick, the old and travellers. After 1540 this help had to be replaced by parishes and later the Poor Laws.

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Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practice

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