Every card in Early modern Britain 1509–1745, Year 7: more practice
The whole deck, in order — so you can read it through before your child ever sees it.
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- Henry VIII's first wife had not given him a surviving son, which was a key reason he wanted the marriage ended. Who was she?
Catherine of Aragon
HintShe was a Spanish princess who had first been married to Henry's older brother.
WhyCatherine bore several children but only Mary lived. Henry feared a king without a male heir might lead to a return of civil war, and he had fallen for Anne Boleyn.
- Which Pope refused, in the late 1520s, to annul Henry VIII's marriage?
Clement VII
HintHe was under the influence of Catherine's powerful nephew, the Emperor Charles V.
WhyClement VII was effectively a prisoner of Charles V's army after the sack of Rome in 1527, so he dared not offend Catherine's family.
- Which Archbishop of Canterbury declared Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon invalid in 1533?
Thomas Cranmer
HintHe was Henry's choice for archbishop, appointed in 1533.
WhyCranmer's court ruled the marriage void in May 1533, which let Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn stand without the Pope's approval.
- In 1521 the Pope gave Henry VIII a title for writing against Martin Luther's ideas. What was the title?
Defender of the Faith
HintThe title praised him for defending the Catholic Church.
WhyIronically Henry later broke with the same Pope, but English monarchs still use a version of the title today.
- After the break with Rome, did Henry VIII make English religion Protestant in its beliefs and services?
No, he kept most traditional Catholic beliefs and services
HintThink about what actually changed: the person at the top, not the Mass.
WhyHenry replaced the Pope with himself as head, but the 1539 Act of Six Articles confirmed many Catholic beliefs. Real Protestant change came under his son Edward VI.
- Which royal minister organised the 1535 survey of church wealth that came before the monasteries were closed?
Thomas Cromwell
HintHe was Henry's chief minister, a lawyer who drove the Dissolution.
WhyThe survey, the Valor Ecclesiasticus, showed how rich the Church was. Cromwell then sent commissioners to inspect the monasteries.
- In 1536 Henry began closing monasteries, starting with the ____ ones; the rest followed by 1540.
smaller
HintThink about which would be easiest to close without a big fight.
WhyThe first Act covered houses with a small income; the larger ones followed, and by 1540 all had been closed, surrendered or taken over by the Crown.
- Which northern rising of 1536, partly against the closing of monasteries, was crushed by Henry VIII?
The Pilgrimage of Grace
HintIts marchers called themselves pilgrims.
WhyTens of thousands marched in Yorkshire and the north. Henry promised talks, then executed the leaders, including Robert Aske, in 1537.
- What reason did Cromwell's commissioners give in public for closing the monasteries?
That monks and nuns were corrupt and had broken their vows
HintThe public reason was about behaviour, not about money.
WhyTheir reports claimed idleness and immorality. Historians note the commissioners were gathering evidence for the king, so the reports may be biased; the Crown also wanted the wealth.
- Many monasteries cared for the sick. What name is given to the building or room where the monks looked after them?
An infirmary
HintIt comes from a word meaning weak or ill.
WhyMonastic infirmaries gave rest and care to the sick, the old and travellers. After 1540 this help had to be replaced by parishes and later the Poor Laws.
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Keep what you learn
Here, nothing is saved. In your child’s own sky every card is scheduled — it comes back just before they’d forget it — and the professor who wrote it is one tap away.