Every card in Industrial Britain 1745–1901, Year 8: more practice
The whole deck, in order — so you can read it through before your child ever sees it.
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- Which invention of James Hargreaves let one worker spin several threads at once?
The spinning jenny
HintIt multiplied what a single spinner could do.
WhyIt was invented in the mid-1760s and sped up spinning. It was small enough to use at home at first.
- Which northern city was nicknamed 'Cottonopolis' because of its many cotton mills?
Manchester
HintIt lies in Lancashire, close to the Pennines.
WhyBy the mid-1800s Manchester was the centre of the world's cotton trade and had grown rapidly.
- Which canal, opened in 1761 for the Duke of Bridgewater, carried coal cheaply to Manchester?
The Bridgewater Canal
HintIt was named after its owner.
WhyThe price of coal in Manchester fell sharply. Canals were soon built across Britain to move heavy goods more cheaply than by road.
- Colonies supplied raw materials such as cotton and sugar. What else did they provide for Britain's factory goods?
Markets in which to sell them
HintThink about who bought what the factories made.
WhyBritain could sell cloth and metal goods across its empire, which encouraged more factories and more investment.
- In 1712 Thomas Newcomen's early steam engine was first used to do which job in mines?
Pumping water out
HintFlooded mines were a huge problem.
WhyWatt later improved the engine's efficiency. Deeper mines meant more coal could be dug up.
- In 1854 which doctor traced a cholera outbreak in London to a water pump in Broad Street?
John Snow
HintHe mapped where victims lived.
WhySnow showed that cholera spread through dirty water, not 'bad air'. The pump handle was removed and the outbreak slowed.
- Which engineer built London's main sewer system in the 1860s after the Great Stink of 1858?
Joseph Bazalgette
HintHe designed sewers that carried waste away from the Thames.
WhyHis system, parts of which are still used today, greatly reduced cholera in London.
- What were young children called who sat alone in the dark in coal mines opening and closing the ventilation doors?
Trappers
HintThe word comes from the doors, called traps.
WhySome were as young as five or six. They worked long hours in the dark, sometimes for 12 hours at a time.
- The 1842 Mines Act banned all women and boys under what age from working underground? (number only)
10
HintThe age is a round number.
WhyThe Act followed a report by a commission that shocked the public with accounts and drawings of children working underground.
- Which locomotive, built by George and Robert Stephenson, won the Rainhill Trials in 1829?
Rocket
HintThink of something that shoots upwards fast.
WhyRocket pulled a carriage at around 30 miles an hour and proved steam locomotives could run a railway.
- Before railways, towns kept their own local time. Which time did railways make the single standard?
Greenwich Mean Time
HintThink of the place the prime meridian runs through.
WhyTimetables could not work if every station used a different time. Greenwich Mean Time spread across Britain and became law in 1880.
- In the triangular trade, what goods did British ships carry from Britain to West Africa?
Manufactured goods such as cloth, guns and metal goods
HintBritain sent these to Africa in return for enslaved people.
WhyThe ships then carried enslaved Africans to the Americas, and returned to Britain with sugar, cotton and tobacco.
- By the later 1700s which port had overtaken Bristol as Britain's busiest slave-trading port?
Liverpool
HintIt is on the River Mersey in the north-west.
WhyLiverpool's merchants grew rich. Profits from the trade helped pay for docks, banks and industries.
- When slavery was abolished in 1833, who was paid £20 million in compensation by the British government?
The slave owners
HintThink about who the government treated as the 'losers'.
WhyThe enslaved received nothing, and many were forced to work for their former owners as 'apprentices' for several more years.
- In the 1790s many British campaigners refused to buy which slave-grown product as a protest?
Sugar
HintIt was grown on Caribbean plantations and sweetened tea.
WhyHundreds of thousands boycotted sugar. It was one of the first mass consumer campaigns.
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Keep what you learn
Here, nothing is saved. In your child’s own sky every card is scheduled — it comes back just before they’d forget it — and the professor who wrote it is one tap away.