Population and urbanisation, Year 8: more practice

A squatter settlement (also called a shanty town or informal settlement)

HintIt is built by people who cannot afford other homes.

The whyRapid migration can outpace the building of homes. These areas often lack clean water, sanitation and electricity.

Natural increase — more births than deaths among people already living there

HintThink about babies being born locally.

The whyUrban growth has two ingredients: migration into the city and natural increase within it.

11

HintSubtract the death rate from the birth rate.

The why18 − 7 = 11 more births than deaths for every 1 000 people.

−3 per 1 000; the population falls

HintWork out births minus deaths and look at the sign.

The why9 − 12 = −3. With more deaths than births, and no one moving in, the population shrinks.

Births still outnumber deaths, and many young adults are having children

HintFalling is not the same as below the death rate.

The whyNatural change stays positive while births are above deaths. A large young generation means many parents, which keeps births high in total.

Both high

HintThink of a society with no modern medicine or contraception.

The whyIn Stage 1 both rates are high, so the population stays low and steady, or grows very slowly.

Stage 4

HintIt is near the end of the model.

The whyStage 4 is typical of wealthy countries, where families are small and people live long lives.

A pull factor

HintThey attract people to a place.

The whyPull factors draw migrants to a place. Push factors, such as war or unemployment, drive them from home.

A refugee flees danger or persecution; an economic migrant moves mainly to find work or a better income

HintOne has a threat to safety; the other seeks a higher wage.

The whyReal stories are often mixed, so geographers use the terms with care.

Fast population growth and rural-urban migration there

HintThink about where cities are growing fastest.

The whyMany older European cities have slow growth. In Asia and Africa, high natural increase and migration from the countryside drive rapid urban growth.